A new, convenient way of imposing open-flow boundary conditions in two- and three-dimensional viscoelastic flows

Open flow boundaries are often present in viscoelastic flow calculations; their presence is not dictated by the physics of the problem, but rather by the need of truncating the computational domain. Viscoelastic liquids flowing in complex twoand three-dimensional domains are normally modeled by hyperbolic transport equations for the viscoelastic stress or conformation tensor, v · ∇S = F(∇v,S) − G(S), where S is the stress or conformation tensor, v is the velocity, and ∇ denotes gradient in space. In steady flows, the streamlines are the characteristics o